A Report on The Power and Limits of Power Essay Sample free essay sample

The Power and Limits of a Vision by Paul Roazen challenges the contentions of Erikson on three cardinal constructs: individuality crisis. life rhythm and psychosocial development- the rampart of Erik Erikson’s work and his bequest to psychological science and societal scientific disciplines. In this book. Roazen argues that similar to Freud. Erikson’s popular constructs and theories may non needfully keep true. Roazen challenged his constructs chiefly by oppugning the beginning and the methods by which these constructs were derived from which are largely from the personal experiences of Erikson. This paper reviews the book of Koazen on The Power and Limits of a Vision by Erik Erikson as a response to the demand to clear up the importance and the starkness of the theories of Erikson including the primary constructs in his plants. The positions and positions in Paul Roazen’s The Power and Limits of a Vision brings into inquiry the theory and constructs of the most influential psychosocial theoretician in the individual of Erik Erikson. We will write a custom essay sample on A Report on The Power and Limits of Power Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Roazen. a political scientist and depth psychology historiographer provided an extended reappraisal and re-assessment of Freud’s work bespeaking that depth psychology is non the ideal signifier of intervention. Chiefly. a political scientist. it should be noted that Roazen’s critic of Erikson stems from his rating of depth psychology. societal and political idea embedded in Erikson’s theories. Unlike old psychological science bookmans. Roazen started his book by following the similarities between Erikson and Freud by specifically picking up the popular constructs that are attributed to them. For Erikson. these would include the constructs of individuality crisis. life rhythm and psychosocial development- constructs that have withstood unfavorable judgments and betterments from followings and critics of Erikson. From these three constructs. The Power and Limits of a Vision centered its treatment on the geographic expedition and appraisal of Roazen on these subjects. The first major inquiry in the book was that of the credibleness of Erikson in undertaking the issue of individuality when in fact. he had disclosed his ain confusion of his ain individuality. Hence. to link and speculate and cut down human behaviour to the pursuit of happening one’s individuality harmonizing to the book would be unreal. The Power and Limits of a Vision so traces the psychosocial development in striplings which is individuality versus function diffusion in order to joint individuality crisis. Harmonizing to the theory of Erikson. adolescents’ experiences individuality crisis during this clip as a consequence of their increasing independency from their household and the increasing influence of their societal environment peculiarly their equals. The inquiry posed by Roazen roots from his critic that Erikson himself were unable to unwrap the faith of his stepfather and of his ain faith ( Judaic ) . Consequently. the book tactfully inquiries Erikson’ s inability to admit that he was an illicit kid. Roazen’s book inquiries the concealment of Erikson’s roots as a mark that he himself was unable to labor through his individuality crisis. The Power and Limits of a Vision explores this subject further and in it Roazen speaks of the denial of Erikson’s ain individuality hence. the 1 that he had may non be reliable. While the challenges that were presented by Roazen in the book points to the personal dependability of Erikson as a theoretician. the 2nd critic dwells on human behaviour and the single differences in nearing it. In the succeeding parts of the book. Roazen inquiries the fullness of Erikson’s human behaviour constructs peculiarly his geographic expeditions of experiential crisis. Harmonizing to Roazen ( 1977 ) . persons vary in their geographic expeditions of their ain being and few would contemplate on their experiential crisis. The book argues that while people are pre-occupied with about the same concerns such as consciousness. gender. etc. . the fluctuation would impart less credibleness of Erikson’s claims. However. Roazen objectively notes that Erikson did non claim the authoritativeness of his theories on personality. But instead. the restrictions of his theories lies largely in his inability to analyze several topics merely like most psychological science bookman s do now. His ain scrutiny of his experiences therefore. lends the restrictions of his ain research. The 2nd issue in The Power and Limits of a Vision has been that of Erikson’s life rhythm theory in which Roazen argued that Erikson by explaining on his theory of psychosocial development’s eight constituents. Erikson differentiated between the positive and the negative side of development. In the procedure of making so. he is recommending uniformity to the positive side of development hence. making a position quo of uniformity in psychological science. In Roazen’s term this is similar to the indorsement of political conservativism. The rigidness of this division is implied in the sameness in the experiences of persons throughout the life cycle- something that would do the single ego ambigious in order to give manner to the societal ego. In exemplifying the life rhythm theory. Erikson harmonizing to Roazen used Marthin Luther as his focal point of discussion- from his displacement in personality and in his philosophies which is manifested in the alterations on hi s phase of development. For case. the last phase of Erikson which is Generativity V Stagnation has been achieved by King which allowed him to set humanity and God every bit good as his restrictions in his philosophies. However. despite the unfavorable judgments of Roazen. the writer acknowledges the power of Erikson’s theory in finding the positive side of human behaviour. The positive geographic expedition of Erikson which is a going from Freud’s negative geographic expedition of human behaviour showed that persons can set to their societal and personal environment in order to make an equilibrium necessary to equilibrate their personalities from that of society’s norms and traditions. Consequently. Roazen responds to the averment of Erikson that society in general had given manner to the alterations in people’s psychosocial development by bespeaking that while society had given people this chance. societies including the United States has besides deprived people from showing their ain individualism and civilization through repression. As a whole Rozen provided a balanced presentation of Erikson’s theory and concepts- while admiting that Erikson’s prognostic power in human behaviour still stands today. there are some bounds to this power. In The Power and Limits of a Vision. Roazen’s primary concern was of the methods by which Erikson had devised his theories on and on its impact on the society as a whole. In making so. it is evident in The Power and Limits of a Vision was more concerned with the social effects of Erikson’s doctrines alternatively of the single geographic expedition of the mind and personality. Roazen in his decision virtues Erikson’s ability to foretell every bit good as maintain optimism of human behaviour despite the negativisim that is evident in the plants of Freud- a major influence in Erikson’s work. Contemplation and Analysis At the start of the book. one would hold the construct that Roazen is simply knocking Erikson. However. this is non the instance as Roazen provided a balanced and well-articulated inquiries on the cogency and the dependability of Erikson’s theories. For case. from the rubric entirely. The Power and Limits of a Vision presents an recognition and congratulations of the ability of Erikson’s theories to defy unfavorable judgments but at the same clip. it besides brings Forth the failings of Erikson’s plants. By and large. Erikson’s theory and cardinal constructs have stood over several critics. most. with the same inquiries as that of Roazen. Thus. Erikson had already answered some of Roazen’s inquiries in old plants. The primary concern that is new to Roazen’s The Power and Limits of a Vision is that of the concern for the society as a consequence of the predictability in human behaviour. Roazen’s book hence. provided necessary inquiries as to the fullness of the constructs of individuality and the impact of personality and human behaviour to society as explained in the psychosocial development of Erikson. However. while The Power and the Limits of a Vision credibly expressed some failings in Erikson’s theory. it failed to sufficiently weaken the claims of Erikson. First. the inability of Roazen to supply a believable critic is his absence of an alternate theory or doctrine that would be a replacement or alternate to Erikson’s theories on individuality. life rhythm and psychosocial development. For case. he foremost rejected the theories of Freud as being excessively negative and considered Erikson as excessively positive and deterministic in qualifying the development of persons. Consequently. the deficiency of supplying a concrete psycho-social paradigm has been because of the focal point of Roazen on the society. While Erikson considers the society as an of import contextual background and force of his plants. his primary focal point is that of the person and his/her behaviour. Hence. Erikson focused on an internal analysis of the individual taking into consideration the external environment and the society as of import determiners of one’s behaviour and development. However. Roazen on the other manus. as a political scientist is more concerned with the cogency and impact of these claims on the social degree. Hence. while on one point Roazen is right. its unfavorable judgments are non plenty to weaken the claims of Erikson. Second. the critics of Roazen besides relied on the dependability of the research method employed by Erikson. For case. Roazen in the first parts of the book questioned the personal life of Erikson bespeaking that Erikson may non hold accurately described the phase of striplings and in the formation of individuality because he himself was undergoing an individuality crisis due to his inability to admit his paternal roots and his faith. By oppugning the dependability of Erikson as a beginning of informations. The Power and Limits of a Vision besides puts into inquiry the authority of qualitative method as a scientific discipline. This unfavorable judgment has both its strengths and failings: on one manus. qualitative method as used by Erikson lacks the power of generalisation or fullness peculiarly because he based it on his ain experiences ; on the other manus. this method of enquiry provides the necessary deepness of analysis that is needed in order to accurately picture the persona lity and mind of an person. Mention Roazen. P. ( 2002 ) Erik H. Erikson: The Power and Limits of a Vision by Paul Roazen Free Press. 254 pages.

5 Benefits of Homeschool Co-Ops

5 Benefits of Homeschool Co-Ops There are many reasons to consider joining a homeschool co-op. A co-op can be an invaluable source of support for homeschool parents who work outside the home. They can also provide enrichment opportunities or be used to supplement what parents are teaching their kids at home. What Is a Homeschool Co-Op? A homeschool co-op is not the same as a homeschool support group. A support group usually serves as a resource for parents and hosts monthly meetings and field trips like park days or dances. A homeschool co-op, short for cooperative, is a group of homeschool families that join to share in the education of their children. Homeschool co-ops offer classes for students and usually require parent participation. Dont expect to drop your kids off at classes or activities. In most cases, parents are actively involved in teaching classes, caring for younger children, or helping with cleaning and other tasks. In other cases, parents may pool their financial resources to hire instructors for the courses offered by the co-op. This  option can be more costly but can be an accessible way to get expert help. Homeschool co-ops can vary in size from a small co-op of only two or three families to a large, organized setting with paid instructors. What Are the Benefits? A homeschool co-op can help both parents and students alike. They can help expand ​the knowledge base of an individual homeschool parent, allow parents to share their expertise with others, and provide student opportunities that would be difficult to achieve outside a group setting. 1. Promote Group Learning A homeschool co-op provides an opportunity for homeschooled children to experience learning in a group atmosphere. Young students learn skills such as raising their hands to speak, taking turns, and waiting in lines. Older students learn more advanced group skills, such as collaborating with others on projects, class participation, and public speaking. Children of all ages learn to take instruction from someone other than a parent and to respect teachers and fellow students. A homeschool co-op can also make what might be a boring class at home alone a much more enjoyable endeavor. It’s a relief for students not to be the one expected to give all the answers. Its also a learning experience for them to get other students input and perspective. 2. Opportunities to Socialize Homeschool co-ops provide socialization opportunities for both the parent and the student. Meeting on a weekly basis provides students with the opportunity to forge friendships. Unfortunately, students may also discover that a co-op presents the opportunity to learn to deal with peer pressure, bullies, and uncooperative students. However, even this downside can lead to valuable lessons that will help kids develop the skills they need to deal with future school and workplace situations. A regular co-op schedule also allows moms and dads to meet other homeschooling parents. They can encourage one another, ask questions, or share ideas. 3. Shared Expenses and Equipment Some subjects require equipment or supplies that can be expensive for a single family to purchase, such as a microscope or quality lab equipment. A homeschool co-op allows for shared expenses and pooling of available resources. If it is necessary to hire an instructor for classes that parents feel unqualified to teach, such as a foreign language or a high school level science course, the expense can be shared among participating families. This makes it possible for many parents to provide top-quality classes. 4. Some Classes Are Difficult to Teach at Home For younger students, homeschool co-ops may offer enrichment classes or those that require more preparation and clean up than everyday studies. These courses may include science, cooking, music, art, or unit studies. Homeschool co-op classes for older students often include lab sciences, such as biology or chemistry, advanced math, writing, or foreign language. There are often opportunities for students to take classes that function better with a group, such as drama, physical education, or orchestra. 5. Accountability Because someone outside your immediate family is setting the schedule, a homeschool co-op can provide a level of accountability. This accountability makes co-op an excellent option for classes that may fall by the wayside at home. Students learn to take deadlines seriously and stay on schedule. Even students who don’t mind telling a parent that they â€Å"forgot† their homework are usually much more reluctant to make such an admission when called on in a classroom setting. While homeschool co-ops aren’t for everyone, many families find that sharing the load, even with only two or three other families, has benefits for everyone involved. Edited by Kris Bales

Washington DcC Taxation Without Representation Essay

Washington DcC Taxation Without Representation - Essay Example It cost money to keep British troops stationed in America and the colonists should share the costs. The Sugar Act of 1764 as well as the Currency Act was quickly put into place. The Currency Act greatly affected the colonists as they seemed to always have a shortage of physical money. The colonists decided to make their own money. The Currency Act prohibited the use of this new paper money (Tindall and Shi 126). 1765 brought with it two more important acts from Grenville. They were the Stamp Act and the Quartering Act. The Stamp Act was to directly fund the troops stationed in the colonies. This included a tax on all printed material. This was a hardship to the colonies as it hurt many businesses. The Quartering Act required the colonies to supply British troops with supplies or shelter. The Stamp Act inspired the colonists to coin the phrase â€Å"no taxation without representation†. The colonists had no physical representation in Parliament. Grenville called it â€Å"virtua l representation†. Parliament claimed the representatives currently serving had the colonies interests in mind. The colonists were not convinced. Protesting as well as mass meetings began. One such group was called the Sons of Liberty made up of lawyers and merchants. Some were still true to the British rule and they were called the Loyalists (Tindall and Shi 127). ... They were able to come to an agreement though and develop the Stamp Act Resolves. The Stamp Act Resolves said the colonies accepted Parliament to create the laws, but they disputed the taxation. It was later thought that individual boycotts made by colonists did more to push parliament into paying attention then did the Stamp Act of Congress (Stamp Act Congress). In 1766 parliament created the Declaratory Act. This act stated England would still have full control over the colonies especially regarding all the laws. The Act was supposed to give distinction between external taxes on trade and internal taxes within the colonies (Tindall and Shi 130). Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the Treasury made things worse in 1767 with his acts. One thing he did was to force New York to succumb to the Quartering Act. The Revenue Act was his other major work. The Revenue Act levied the external taxes on colonial imports such as glass, paints, paper and tea. This created more resistance within the colonies, especially when the colonists discovered the taxes from the Revenue Act would pay the salaries of governors and other officers. This would relieve such officer’s dependence on the colonial assemblies. There was increasing tension within the colonies. The colonists began boycotting British goods in protest (Tindall and Shi 131). The important event of â€Å"taxation without representation† that seems to stick out in the mind of many American’s is the â€Å"Boston Tea Party†. This occurred in 1773. At this time some taxes were lifted, but the tax on tea still remained. Colonists were consistently complaining about the levies from the Townshend Acts. The colonists felt they did not want to pay taxes from a Parliament that gave them no